A response factor links detector signal to known component concentration. It tells the analyser how to convert a measured peak into a calculated concentration value.
Each component requires its own response factor because the detector does not respond equally to all gases.
How response factors are established
They are normally established during calibration using a gas with known component concentrations. The analyser compares the measured detector response with the certified concentration and calculates the factor required.
That factor is then used for future sample calculations until the next accepted calibration.
Why response factor review is valuable
Response factor patterns help confirm whether detector behaviour is still consistent and physically reasonable. Unexpected movement can be an early warning sign of detector issues, timing changes, contamination, or incorrect calibration conditions.
For many users, response factors are one of the most useful health indicators in the whole calibration record.
What can make them move
Common causes include detector instability, poor calibration gas delivery, sample system contamination, incorrect peak integration, and changing analytical conditions.
The cause is not always the detector itself, which is why response factor review should be combined with chromatogram review.
How to use them well
Do not look only for pass or fail. Look for gradual movement, unusual ratios, or values that no longer match the expected trend across the component list.
A calibration that passes limits can still contain useful warning signs when the response factors are reviewed carefully.
